Catch and Anchor Approach To Combat Both Toxicity and Longevity of Botulinum Toxin A

J Med Chem. 2020 Oct 8;63(19):11100-11120. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01006. Epub 2020 Sep 18.

Abstract

Botulinum neurotoxins have remarkable persistence (∼weeks to months in cells), outlasting the small-molecule inhibitors designed to target them. To address this disconnect, inhibitors bearing two pharmacophores-a zinc binding group and a Cys-reactive warhead-were designed to leverage both affinity and reactivity. A series of first-generation bifunctional inhibitors was achieved through structure-based inhibitor design. Through X-ray crystallography, engagement of both the catalytic Zn2+ and Cys165 was confirmed. A second-generation series improved on affinity by incorporating known reversible inhibitor pharmacophores; the mechanism was confirmed by exhaustive dialysis, mass spectrometry, and in vitro evaluation against the C165S mutant. Finally, a third-generation inhibitor was shown to have good cellular activity and low toxicity. In addition to our findings, an alternative method of modeling time-dependent inhibition that simplifies assay setup and allows comparison of inhibition models is discussed.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A / chemistry
  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A / toxicity
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Humans
  • Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / drug effects
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Protein Conformation

Substances

  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A